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普通專升本英語語法之主謂一致講解

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018/02/02 11:17:31 來源:易學(xué)仕專升本網(wǎng) 閱讀量:5392

摘要:一.概念: 主謂一致是指: 1) 語法形式上要一致,即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。 2) 意義上要一致,即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。 3) 就近原則,即謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語, 一般來說,不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù)

一.概念:

主謂一致是指:

1) 語法形式上要一致,即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。

2) 意義上要一致,即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。

3) 就近原則,即謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語,

一般來說,不可數(shù)名詞用動(dòng)詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

There is much water in the thermos.

但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:

Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講

1.并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)謂語用復(fù)數(shù),例如:

Reading and writing are very important. 讀寫很重要。

注意:當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時(shí),如果它表示一個(gè)單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),and 此時(shí)連接的兩個(gè)詞前只有一個(gè)冠詞。例如:

The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 鋼鐵工業(yè)對我們的生活有重要意義。

典型例題

The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

A. is  B. was  C. are  D. were

答案B. 注:先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時(shí),先排除A.,C。本題易誤選D,因?yàn)門he League secretary and monitor 好象是兩個(gè)人,但仔細(xì)辨別,monitor 前沒有the,在英語中,當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個(gè)職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個(gè)人,所以應(yīng)選B。

2. 主謂一致中的靠近原則

1)當(dāng)there be 句型的主語是一系列事物時(shí),謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如:

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支筆、一把小刀和幾本書。

There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十個(gè)男孩,二十三個(gè)女孩。

2)當(dāng)either… or… 與neither… nor,連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引導(dǎo),而主語又不止一個(gè)時(shí),謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。例如:

Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。

Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 給你筆、信封和紙。

3.謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語一致

當(dāng)主語有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等詞組成的短語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如:

The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教師和一些學(xué)生在參觀工廠。

He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去劃船。

4. 謂語需用單數(shù)的情況

1)代詞each以及由every, some, no, any等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞作主語時(shí),或主語中含有each, every時(shí), 謂語需用單數(shù)。例如:

Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我們每人都有錄音機(jī)。

There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表壞了。

2)當(dāng)主語是一本書或一條格言時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。例如:

The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜譚》是英語愛好者熟悉的一本書。

3)表示金錢,時(shí)間,價(jià)格或度量衡的復(fù)合名詞作主語時(shí),通常把這些名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語一般用單數(shù)。例如:

Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三個(gè)星期來做準(zhǔn)備。

Ten yuan is enough. 十元夠了。

5.指代意義決定謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)

1)代詞what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其指代的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如:

All is right. 一切順利。

All are present. 人都到齊了。

2)集體名詞作主語時(shí),謂語的數(shù)要根據(jù)主語的意思來決定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等詞后,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)集體中的各個(gè)成員,用單數(shù)時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)該集體的整體。例如:

His family isn't very large. 他家成員不多。

His family are music lovers. 他家個(gè)個(gè)都是音樂愛好者。

但集合名詞people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:

Are there any police around? 附近有警察嗎?

3)有些名詞,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有時(shí)看作單數(shù),有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。例如:

A number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

The number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動(dòng)詞。

A number of books have lent out.

The majority of the students like English.

6.與后接名詞或代詞保持一致的情況

1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如:

Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的錢化在書上了。

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分學(xué)生積極參與體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。

2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。例如: A series of accidents has been reported. 媒體報(bào)道了一連串的事故。

A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 爐邊有一堆木柴。

3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修飾的短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than… of 作主語時(shí),動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如:

Many a person has read the novel. 許多人讀過這本書。

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生來自這個(gè)城市。

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